Multiplication

Sutra : " Nikhilam Navatashcharamam Dashataha "

Meaning : All from 9 and the last from 10.



Upasutra : "Aanurupyena "

Meaning : Proportionately



This simple sutra teaches us to do multiplication of numbers which are close to a BASE or Aadhara such as 10, 100, 1000, 10000 etc.





Consider the example given below

8 * 13



Step 1 : Since 8 and 13 are close to 10 we shall consider 10 as the base.



8 - 10 gives -2 and

13 - 10 gives +3



Step 2 : Write the problem as below



8 -2

13 +3



Step 3 : For the first part of the answer add diagonally.

i.e. 8 + 3 Or 13 - 2 == 11



Write it as 8 -2

13 +3

11 0

( One '0' is added because the base is 101)



Step 4 : For the second part multiply the number in the RHS column and put it below zero and total to obtain the final answer.



8 -2

13 +3

11 0

-6

10 4



Hence the Answer is 104.





Example 2 :



Consider 945 * 1005



Here the base can be considered to be 1000

Therefore the problem is written as



945 -055

1005 +005



By Diagonal Addition

945 + 005 == 1005 - 055 == 950



945 -055

1005 +005

950 000

By linear multiplication of RHS

-55 * 5 = -275



945 -055

1005 +005

950 000

-275

949 725



Hence the answer is 949725



Aanurupyena



An Upasutra or Sub Formula of Nikhilam is Aanurupyena which means 'Proportionately'.



Here we consider multiples and sub-multiples of the Main Base as the Working Base.



Consider 53 * 57

Let us consider the working base to be 50, which is a sub multiple of the main base 100.



Let 'x' be (Main Base) / (Working Base)



Here x = 100/50 = 2

Write the numbers as in normal Nikhilam



53 +3

57 +7

60 00

(Two '0' s are added here as the Main Base is 100)



Now divide the first answer by x , here 2



53 +3

57 +7

30 00

Now do the second part as in normal method



53 +3

57 +7

30 00

+21

30 21



Hence the Answer is 3021.

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Navasesh

Navasesh is a general method of verification formulated in Vedic mathematics. This can be used to verify various mathematical operations such as Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication etc.

Navasesh means ' nine and its remainder '.
Examples :
Navasesh of 23 ---> N(23) == N(2+3) == N(5) == 5
Navasesh of 82 ---> N(82) == N(8+2) == N(10) == N(1+0) == N(1) == 1
Navasesh of 49 ---> N(49) == N(4+9) == N(13) == N(1+3) == N(4) ==4
Navasesh of 105 ---> N(105) == N(1+0+5) == N(6) == 6

Addition
We know that 23 + 82 = 105
To verify :
N(23) + N(82) = N(5) + N(1) == N(5+1) == N(6) == 6
N(105) = N(6) == 6
Hence N(23) + N(82) = N(105)

Subtraction
We Know that 82 - 49 = 33
To verify :
N(82) - N(49) = N(1) - N(4) = N(1-4) == N(-3) == N(9-3) == N(6) == 6
( Note that -3 here has been converted to 9-3 such that negative number is eliminated)
N(33) = N(3+3) == N(6) == 6
Hence N(82) - N(49) = N(33)

Multiplication
We know that 23 * 49 = 1127
To verify :
N(23) * N(49) = N(5) * N(4) ==N(5 * 4) ==N(20) = N(2) =2
N(1127) = N(1+1+2+7) = N(11) = N(2) =2
Hence N(23) * N(49) = N(1127)

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The Magic of Vedic Maths

What is Vedic Math?


What does mathematics have to do with Hinduism? Well, just as the basic principles of Hinduism lie in the Vedas, so do the roots of mathematics. The Vedas, written around 1500-900 BCE, are ancient Indian texts containing a record of human experience and knowledge. Thousands of years ago, Vedic mathematicians authored various theses and dissertations on mathematics. It is now commonly believed and widely accepted that these treatises laid down the foundations of algebra, algorithm, square roots, cube roots, various methods of calculation, and the concept of zero.
Vedic Mathematics
"Vedic Mathematics" is the name given to the ancient system of mathematics, or, to be precise, a unique technique of calculations based on simple rules and principles, with which any mathematical problem — be it arithmetic, algebra, geometry or trigonometry — can be solved, hold your breath, orally!

Sutras: Natural Formulae
The system is based on 16 Vedic sutras or aphorisms, which are actually word-formulae describing natural ways of solving a whole range of mathematical problems. Some examples of sutras are "By one more than the one before", "All from 9 & the last from 10", and "Vertically & Crosswise". These 16 one-line formulae originally written in Sanskrit, which can be easily memorized, enables one to solve long mathematical problems quickly.

A Simple & Easy System
Practitioners of this striking method of mathematical problem-solving opine that Vedic maths is far more systematic, coherent and unified than the conventional system. It is a mental tool for calculation that encourages the development and use of intuition and innovation, while giving the student a lot of flexibility, fun and satisfaction. Therefore, it's direct and easy to implement in schools — a reason behind its enormous popularity among educationists and academicians.


Try These Out!
· If you want to find the square of 45, you can employ the Ekadhikena Purvena sutra ("By one more than the one before"). The rule says since the first digit is 4 and the second one is 5, you will first have to multiply 4 (4 +1), that is 4 X 5, which is equal to 20 and then multiply 5 with 5, which is 25. Viola! The answer is 2025. Now, you can employ this method to multiply all numbers ending with 5.
· If you want to subtract 4679 from 10000, you can easily apply the Nikhilam Navatashcaramam Dashatah sutra ("All from 9 and the last from 10"). Each figure in 4679 is subtracted from 9 and the last figure is subtracted from 10, yielding 5321. Similarly, other sutras lay down such simple rules of calculation.

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IIM CAT exam format over the years

1995 to 1998:
Total Questions - 185
Time - 120 minutes
Verbal Ability - 50 Q
Reading Comprehension - 50 Q
Problem Solving - 45 Q
Data Interpretation - 40 Q

In 1995 and 1996, the Verbal Ability and Reading Comprehension sections were grouped and had a time limit of 1 hour.
Similarly, the Problem Solving and Data Interpretation sections were grouped and had a time limit of 1 hour.
There was no such time limit in 1997 and 1998.

1999:
Total Questions - 165
Time - 120 minutes
Section 1 : 55 Q - Verbal Ability - 25 Q and Reading Comprehension - 30 Q
Section 2 : 55 Q - Problem Solving - 55 Q
Section 3 : 55 Q - Data Interpretation - 31 Q and Verbal Reasoning - 24 Q

2000:
Total Questions - 165
Time - 120 minutes
Section 1 : 55 Q - Verbal Ability - 15 Q and Reading Comprehension - 40 Q
Section 2 : 55 Q - Problem Solving - 55 Q
Section 3 : 55 Q - Data Interpretation - 31 Q and Verbal Ability - 24 Q

2001:
Total Questions - 150
Time - 120 minutes
Section 1 : 50 Q - Verbal Ability - 20 Q and Reading Comprehension - 30 Q
Section 2 : 50 Q - Problem Solving - 50 Q
Section 3 : 50 Q - Data Interpretation - 31 Q and Logical Reasoning - 19 Q

2002:
Total Questions - 150
Time - 120 minutes
Section 1 : 50 Q - Data Interpretation - 40 Q and Logical Reasoning - 10 Q
Section 2 : 50 Q - Problem Solving - 50 Q
Section 3 : 50 Q - Verbal Ability - 25 Q and Reading Comprehension - 25 Q

2003 (re-exam format given):
Total Questions - 150
Time - 120 minutes
Section 1 : 50 Q - Verbal Ability - 25 Q and Reading Comprehension - 25 Q
Section 2 : 50 Q - Data Interpretation - 30 Q and Logical Reasoning - 20 Q
Section 3 : 50 Q - Problem Solving

2004:
Total Questions - 123 Total marks: 150
Time - 120 minutes
Section 1
Data Interpretation: 20Q of 1 mark each
Data Sufficiency: 6 Q of 1 mark each
Logical Reasoning: 12 Q of 2 marks each

Section 2
Math problems: 20 Q of 1 mark each
Math problems: 15 Q of 2 marks each

Section 3
Verbal Ability: 10 Q of 0.5 marks each
Verbal Ability: 14 Q of 1 mark each
Verbal Ability: 5 Q of 2 marks each
Reading Comprehension: 21 Q of 1 mark each

2005:
Total Questions - 90 Total marks: 150
Time - 120 minutes
Section 1
Verbal Ability: 10Q of 1 mark each
Verbal Ability/Reading Comprehension: 20Q of 2 marks each

Section 2
Math problems: 10Q of 1 mark each
Math problems: 20Q of 2 marks each

Section 3
Data Interpretation/Data Sufficiency/Logical Reasoning: 10Q of 1 mark each
Data Interpretation/Data Sufficiency/Logical Reasoning: 20Q of 2 marks each
2006:
Total Questions - 75 Total marks: 300
Time - 150 minutes
Section 1
Data Interpretation/Data Sufficiency/Logical Reasoning: 25Q of 4 marks each

Section 2
Math problems: 25Q of 4 marks each

Section 3
Verbal Ability/Reading Comprehension: 25Q of 4 marks each
There was no section wise time limit in from 1999 - 2006.
REMEMBER : It is essential that you demonstrate your competence in all the sections.
Some noticeable trends in CAT:
The following trends are clearly noticeable in CAT in the last few years.
a. The weightage of Math based questions has increased. Until 1998, we would have 85 out of 185 questions that were Math based. This is about 45%. In 2002, 2003 and 2004 almost 81-90 out of 150 questions. This is between 55-60%!!
b. The Problem solving section would constitute 1 out of 4 sections in the test until 1998. In the last 6 years, it has been 1 out of 3 sections. The importance of this section has therefore tremendously increased (from 24% of the total paper to 33.33% of the total paper)
c. CAT has been getting progressively tougher and thereby low scoring by the year. You no longer need fantastic scores of 100+ to clear the CAT. Over the years, SharpMinds students who have cleared the CAT and made it to the IIMs have had in the range of 75-90 attempts in the paper.

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How to Dress for an Interview

An article in U.S.A. Today spoke about candidates for jobs wearing jeans, purple sweat suits, and spike heels or sneakers. Other applicants weren't afraid to show pierced body parts and spiked hair. Still others chewed gum or showed up in rumpled clothes or with their pants falling down. One recruiter even told a candidate with his trousers down below his hips, to "Pull your pants up." According to the article, the outlandish dress costs some candidates the job.

Dress Your Best When Interviewing

Does it really make a difference how you dress for an interview? In many cases, it does. I'll never forget the gentleman I interviewed for an accounting position. He had been out of work for a few months and wanted to show me why. He took off his jacket, unbuttoned his shirt and started to pull down his pants (this is a true story) to show me the scar from a boat propeller that had injured him. He didn't get the job. Neither did the young lady in a bright red skirt so short and tight that she could hardly sit down!

In the conservative business climate I worked in at the time, appearances did matter. In other environments it isn't as important. However, it does make sense to dress your best for the interview, regardless of the dress code at the organization. If you're in doubt about how to dress for an interview, it is best to err on the side of conservatism. It is much better to be overdressed than underdressed (or undressed).
According to Kim Zoller at Image Dynamics, 55% of another person's perception of you is based on how you look. Her Dressing for Success information gives some tips on how to look your best, without necessarily spending a lot of money. Here's a quick look at the basics:

Women's Interview Attire
· Solid color, conservative suit
· Coordinated blouse
· Moderate shoes
· Limited jewelry
· Neat, professional hairstyle
· Tan or light hosiery
· Sparse make-up & perfume
· Manicured nails
· Portfolio or briefcase


Men's Interview Attire
· Solid color, conservative suit
· White long sleeve shirt
· Conservative tie
· Dark socks, professional shoes
· Very limited jewelry
· Neat, professional hairstyle
· Go easy on the aftershave
· Neatly trimmed nails
· Portfolio or briefcase

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Man Clothing Tips

Here are some clothing style tips for men that will provide guidelines regarding the right man fashion clothing for different body type. These man-clothing tips can be a great help in adorning you but you must follow the advice seriously.
· Short waist men should avoid wearing trousers / jeans at waist. Low waist jeans are not the right type for you. Tucking your top would not be a very good option. Pullovers are apt for your personality. Short lengthy tank tops are a total no because they tend to highlight your short waist. Contrast concept wont look very good as it would interfere with the vertical flow. So a combo of pink shirt and black trouser should not be chosen. Ask your tailor to keep an inch higher on waist while taking measurement.
· Long waist men need to do things the other way round when compared to short waisted guys. Guys your perfect fashion style is low waist jeans with a contrasting shade T-shirt tucked inside. Double breast jacket is just ideal for you so as to prevent people's eyes from falling particularly on your legs. So boys now are you understanding how to divert people's attention? Opt for belts with a big buckle.
· Men with flat butts should firstly make sure that they wear proper fit pants. Straight leg trousers are just perfect for you because they divert the attention from back and camouflage your body feature. On the contrary there are men with big butts. For them it's important to wear proper undergarments, which includes biking shorts & boxer briefs as they tightly hold your body. Attire low waist pleated flat front trousers, as they would go well with your personality.
· If you have a large belly, your wardrobe should have a combination of light fabric and dark color. Light shades tend to accentuate your big belly. You should make it a point to wear a vest as it prevents loose skin flow from taking place. Long sleeve T-shirt is the right kind for you. Avoid low waist jeans.
· Even if you are dressed in ethnic clothing there are many options available with you but again as mentioned earlier all types are not meant for you. Shorter men and fleshy guys should wear knee long kurtas. Tall guys can opt for calf length kurta also.
So guys by now you must have got a clear idea as to what would suit you so follow these tips and disguise your bad body features. We hope that next time you go shopping you'll be focused as to what you want & not get lured by styling or designing of apparel.

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Karunanidhi’s Dynasty

Karunanidhi, chief minister of tamilnadu had gained fame through his wonderful talent of script writing for Tamil movies. Most of his script expressed opposition to than congress government, which later gave him a ticket to the tamilnadu politics. The tamil sliver screen has given ticket not only to karunanidhi but also to former chief minister MGR and J.Jayalalitha. He has found an import place in the history of tamilnadu politics though may not only be for his tenure as chief minister but also otherwise for his family based politics. He is known to do anything to save his power and family politics. His recent act of sidling his grandson dayanidhi maran shows that he will go to any extent to save a place for his beloved children. He protect sun tv as long as Dayanidhi was not seen a threat to his sons. This is not the first time he has thrown some out of the party or sidelined, vaiko who was seen as natural hire to DMK party president was thrown out to give way to his son M.K.Stalin. He wisely fools the public by elevating himself as guardian of Tamil language as Hitler did with his Nazism. He has more that one wife and officially has half dozen children. His sons are known for notorious behaviors in the public and know to create wealth unproportionate wealth. Family run politics is not new to Indian politics. Congress is a party, which believe in the strength of Nehru family. There were 3 prime ministers from Nehru family out of 15 prime minister of independent India. This family has ruled India for about 37 years of 60 years of independent India. Though now family holds the key role in government. It seem that dynasty ruler will not say good bye to India.

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